As a postscript to the discussion of Rainbow<->Xeno color mapping a  
couple of months ago, I proposed a set of colors to maintain the warm/ 
cool/light/dark/opaque pattern I pointed out.
Warm:Magenta  Cool:Aqua  Light:Pink  Dark:Brown  Opaque:Grey
If it weren't for brown, I might call it the "Pastel" set.
Riffing on Jeff's light/dark train of thought, that gives pairs for  
many of the colors:  white/black, pink/red,  aqua/green, cyan/blue,  
yellow/brown, and if you stretch a bit, magenta/purple.
The leftovers are clear, opaque grey, and orange.  I think an even  
more hypothetical fourth Treehouse set should try to pair up with  
those three, adding another light/dark pair to fill out the set of  
five.  A dark version of clear would obviously be "smoke".  Grey is  
problematic, being both "light black" and "dark white"  
simultaneously, and most likely a different shade of opaque grey  
would be required.  Orange too is a very medium shade -- darken it  
much and it gets close to red, lighten it and it approaches yellow.   
I think one might be able to make it just dark enough to produce a  
distinct "pumpkin" shade.  What's left in the spectrum is the puce/ 
lavender range, and I think one might be able to find a deep violet  
that is distinct from purple, and a light mauve that is distinct from  
magenta.
Warm:Pumpkin  Cool:Mauve  Light:Smoke  Dark:Violet  Opaque:OtherGrey